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Text Template Transformation Toolkit (T4)
Original author(s)	Novell, Xamarin, Microsoft
Initial release	2005 (2005)
Stable release	v2.0.5 / June 13, 2019 (2025-08-07)
Repository	github.com/mono/t4
Written in	C#
Operating system	Linux, Windows
Platform	.NET Framework, .NET Core, Mono
Type	Software framework
License	MIT License
Website	Code Generation and T4 Text Templates

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Text Template Transformation Toolkit (usually referred to as "T4") is a free and open-source template-based text generation framework. T4 source files are usually denoted by the file extension ".tt".

Overview

T4 is used by developers as part of an application or tool framework to automate the creation of text files with a variety of parameters. These text files can ultimately be any text format, such as code (for example C#), XML, HTML or XAML.

T4 uses a custom template format which can contain .NET code and string literals in it, this is parsed by the T4 command line tool into .NET code, compiled and executed. The output of the executed code is the text file generated by the template. By using the Text Transformation class, T4 can also be run entirely from within a .NET application, eliminating the need for the end user to have Visual Studio installed.

T4 is used within Microsoft in ASP.NET MVC for the creation of the views and controllers, ADO.NET Entity Framework for entity generation, and ASP.NET Dynamic Data. It is also used outside of Microsoft in projects such as SubSonic.

T4 templating is supported in Visual Studio, MonoDevelop and JetBrains Rider.

Controls

There are four types of controls handled by the T4 template transformation engine.

Name	Syntax	Description
Directives	<#@ ... #>	Instructions for the transformation engine
Standard control blocks	<# ... #>	Code to be executed (e.g. loops)
Expression control blocks	<#= ... #>	Expressions evaluated and converted to a string
Class feature control blocks	<#+ ... #>	Class and function definitions

History

• 2005: Microsoft released the first version of T4 as an out-of-band release for Visual Studio 2005
• 2008: Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio 2008
• 2010: Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio 2010 which included significant new features to improve performance, usability for both template authors and tool builders and better integration into Visual Studio's DSL tools.
• 2015: Visual Studio 2015 Update 2 can use C# version 6.0 features
• 2017: Open source version of engine released which supports .NET Core
• 2019: JetBrains adds support for T4 in Rider

See also

• Comparison of code generation tools
• m4 (computer language)
• Smarty

External links

• GitHub - mono/t4: T4 text templating engine