Common Language Runtime

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The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft .NET Framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. Just-in-time compilation converts the managed code (compiled intermediate language code) into machine instructions which are then executed on the CPU of the computer.^[1] The CLR provides additional services including memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, security and thread management. All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless of programming language, are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.

CLR implements the Virtual Execution System (VES) as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.^[2]

Overview of the .NET Framework CLR release history^[1]
CLR version	.NET version
1.0	1.0
1.1	1.1
2.0	2.0, 3.0, 3.5
4	4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8

During the transition from legacy .NET technologies like the .NET Framework and its proprietary runtime to the community-developed .NET Core, the CLR was dubbed CoreCLR.^[3] Today, it is simply called the .NET runtime.^[4] The new runtime for .NET Core follows semantic versioning. A later runtime version is able to run programs built for an earlier runtime version of the same major version (e.g. 2.2 and 2.1 have the same major version).^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Common Language Runtime (CLR)". MSDN Library. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
^ "ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards". Visual Studio Developer Center. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
^ "Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET". www.c-sharpcorner.com. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
^ ".NET is a cross-platform runtime for cloud, mobile, desktop, and IoT apps". GitHub. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
^ Kang, M. "Is .NET Core Runtime backwards compatible with previous releases?". Stack Overflow. ...NET Core runtime updates are compatible within a major version 'band' such as 1.x and 2.x. [...] ".NET Core 2.1" refers to the .NET Core Runtime version number. The .NET Core Runtime has a major/minor/patch approach to versioning that follows semantic versioning.

External links

[msdn-clr-1] "Common Language Runtime (CLR)". MSDN Library. Retrieved 14 November 2013.

[2] "ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards". Visual Studio Developer Center. Retrieved 14 November 2013.

[3] "Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET". www.c-sharpcorner.com. Retrieved February 1, 2021.

[4] ".NET is a cross-platform runtime for cloud, mobile, desktop, and IoT apps". GitHub. Retrieved November 5, 2023.

[5] Kang, M. "Is .NET Core Runtime backwards compatible with previous releases?". Stack Overflow. ...NET Core runtime updates are compatible within a major version 'band' such as 1.x and 2.x. [...] ".NET Core 2.1" refers to the .NET Core Runtime version number. The .NET Core Runtime has a major/minor/patch approach to versioning that follows semantic versioning.

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See also

References

External links